vault/plugins/database/postgresql/postgresql.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BUSL-1.1

package postgresql

import (
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"strings"

	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
	"github.com/hashicorp/go-secure-stdlib/strutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/plugins/database/postgresql/scram"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/database/dbplugin/v5"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/database/helper/connutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/database/helper/dbutil"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/dbtxn"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/helper/template"
	"github.com/hashicorp/vault/sdk/logical"
	_ "github.com/jackc/pgx/v4/stdlib"
)

const (
	postgreSQLTypeName         = "pgx"
	defaultExpirationStatement = `
ALTER ROLE "{{name}}" VALID UNTIL '{{expiration}}';
`
	defaultChangePasswordStatement = `
ALTER ROLE "{{username}}" WITH PASSWORD '{{password}}';
`

	expirationFormat = "2006-01-02 15:04:05-0700"

	defaultUserNameTemplate = `{{ printf "v-%s-%s-%s-%s" (.DisplayName | truncate 8) (.RoleName | truncate 8) (random 20) (unix_time) | truncate 63 }}`
)

var (
	_ dbplugin.Database       = (*PostgreSQL)(nil)
	_ logical.PluginVersioner = (*PostgreSQL)(nil)

	// postgresEndStatement is basically the word "END" but
	// surrounded by a word boundary to differentiate it from
	// other words like "APPEND".
	postgresEndStatement = regexp.MustCompile(`\bEND\b`)

	// doubleQuotedPhrases finds substrings like "hello"
	// and pulls them out with the quotes included.
	doubleQuotedPhrases = regexp.MustCompile(`(".*?")`)

	// singleQuotedPhrases finds substrings like 'hello'
	// and pulls them out with the quotes included.
	singleQuotedPhrases = regexp.MustCompile(`('.*?')`)

	// ReportedVersion is used to report a specific version to Vault.
	ReportedVersion = ""
)

func New() (interface{}, error) {
	db := new()
	// Wrap the plugin with middleware to sanitize errors
	dbType := dbplugin.NewDatabaseErrorSanitizerMiddleware(db, db.secretValues)
	return dbType, nil
}

func new() *PostgreSQL {
	connProducer := &connutil.SQLConnectionProducer{}
	connProducer.Type = postgreSQLTypeName

	db := &PostgreSQL{
		SQLConnectionProducer:  connProducer,
		passwordAuthentication: passwordAuthenticationPassword,
	}

	return db
}

type PostgreSQL struct {
	*connutil.SQLConnectionProducer

	usernameProducer       template.StringTemplate
	passwordAuthentication passwordAuthentication
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) Initialize(ctx context.Context, req dbplugin.InitializeRequest) (dbplugin.InitializeResponse, error) {
	newConf, err := p.SQLConnectionProducer.Init(ctx, req.Config, req.VerifyConnection)
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.InitializeResponse{}, err
	}

	usernameTemplate, err := strutil.GetString(req.Config, "username_template")
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.InitializeResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve username_template: %w", err)
	}
	if usernameTemplate == "" {
		usernameTemplate = defaultUserNameTemplate
	}

	up, err := template.NewTemplate(template.Template(usernameTemplate))
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.InitializeResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to initialize username template: %w", err)
	}
	p.usernameProducer = up

	_, err = p.usernameProducer.Generate(dbplugin.UsernameMetadata{})
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.InitializeResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid username template: %w", err)
	}

	passwordAuthenticationRaw, err := strutil.GetString(req.Config, "password_authentication")
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.InitializeResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve password_authentication: %w", err)
	}

	if passwordAuthenticationRaw != "" {
		pwAuthentication, err := parsePasswordAuthentication(passwordAuthenticationRaw)
		if err != nil {
			return dbplugin.InitializeResponse{}, err
		}

		p.passwordAuthentication = pwAuthentication
	}

	resp := dbplugin.InitializeResponse{
		Config: newConf,
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) Type() (string, error) {
	return postgreSQLTypeName, nil
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) getConnection(ctx context.Context) (*sql.DB, error) {
	db, err := p.Connection(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return db.(*sql.DB), nil
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) UpdateUser(ctx context.Context, req dbplugin.UpdateUserRequest) (dbplugin.UpdateUserResponse, error) {
	if req.Username == "" {
		return dbplugin.UpdateUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("missing username")
	}
	if req.Password == nil && req.Expiration == nil {
		return dbplugin.UpdateUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("no changes requested")
	}

	merr := &multierror.Error{}
	if req.Password != nil {
		err := p.changeUserPassword(ctx, req.Username, req.Password)
		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
	}
	if req.Expiration != nil {
		err := p.changeUserExpiration(ctx, req.Username, req.Expiration)
		merr = multierror.Append(merr, err)
	}
	return dbplugin.UpdateUserResponse{}, merr.ErrorOrNil()
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) changeUserPassword(ctx context.Context, username string, changePass *dbplugin.ChangePassword) error {
	stmts := changePass.Statements.Commands
	if len(stmts) == 0 {
		stmts = []string{defaultChangePasswordStatement}
	}

	password := changePass.NewPassword
	if password == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("missing password")
	}

	p.Lock()
	defer p.Unlock()

	db, err := p.getConnection(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get connection: %w", err)
	}

	// Check if the role exists
	var exists bool
	err = db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT exists (SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname=$1);", username).Scan(&exists)
	if err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
		return fmt.Errorf("user does not appear to exist: %w", err)
	}

	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to start transaction: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback()

	for _, stmt := range stmts {
		for _, query := range strutil.ParseArbitraryStringSlice(stmt, ";") {
			query = strings.TrimSpace(query)
			if len(query) == 0 {
				continue
			}

			m := map[string]string{
				"name":     username,
				"username": username,
				"password": password,
			}

			if p.passwordAuthentication == passwordAuthenticationSCRAMSHA256 {
				hashedPassword, err := scram.Hash(password)
				if err != nil {
					return fmt.Errorf("unable to scram-sha256 password: %w", err)
				}
				m["password"] = hashedPassword
			}

			if err := dbtxn.ExecuteTxQueryDirect(ctx, tx, m, query); err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to execute query: %w", err)
			}
		}
	}

	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) changeUserExpiration(ctx context.Context, username string, changeExp *dbplugin.ChangeExpiration) error {
	p.Lock()
	defer p.Unlock()

	renewStmts := changeExp.Statements.Commands
	if len(renewStmts) == 0 {
		renewStmts = []string{defaultExpirationStatement}
	}

	db, err := p.getConnection(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer func() {
		tx.Rollback()
	}()

	expirationStr := changeExp.NewExpiration.Format(expirationFormat)

	for _, stmt := range renewStmts {
		for _, query := range strutil.ParseArbitraryStringSlice(stmt, ";") {
			query = strings.TrimSpace(query)
			if len(query) == 0 {
				continue
			}

			m := map[string]string{
				"name":       username,
				"username":   username,
				"expiration": expirationStr,
			}
			if err := dbtxn.ExecuteTxQueryDirect(ctx, tx, m, query); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return tx.Commit()
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) NewUser(ctx context.Context, req dbplugin.NewUserRequest) (dbplugin.NewUserResponse, error) {
	if len(req.Statements.Commands) == 0 {
		return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, dbutil.ErrEmptyCreationStatement
	}

	p.Lock()
	defer p.Unlock()

	username, err := p.usernameProducer.Generate(req.UsernameConfig)
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, err
	}

	expirationStr := req.Expiration.Format(expirationFormat)

	db, err := p.getConnection(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to get connection: %w", err)
	}

	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to start transaction: %w", err)
	}
	defer tx.Rollback()

	m := map[string]string{
		"name":       username,
		"username":   username,
		"password":   req.Password,
		"expiration": expirationStr,
	}

	if p.passwordAuthentication == passwordAuthenticationSCRAMSHA256 {
		hashedPassword, err := scram.Hash(req.Password)
		if err != nil {
			return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to scram-sha256 password: %w", err)
		}
		m["password"] = hashedPassword
	}

	for _, stmt := range req.Statements.Commands {
		if containsMultilineStatement(stmt) {
			// Execute it as-is.
			if err := dbtxn.ExecuteTxQueryDirect(ctx, tx, m, stmt); err != nil {
				return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to execute query: %w", err)
			}
			continue
		}
		// Otherwise, it's fine to split the statements on the semicolon.
		for _, query := range strutil.ParseArbitraryStringSlice(stmt, ";") {
			query = strings.TrimSpace(query)
			if len(query) == 0 {
				continue
			}

			if err := dbtxn.ExecuteTxQueryDirect(ctx, tx, m, query); err != nil {
				return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to execute query: %w", err)
			}
		}
	}

	if err := tx.Commit(); err != nil {
		return dbplugin.NewUserResponse{}, err
	}

	resp := dbplugin.NewUserResponse{
		Username: username,
	}
	return resp, nil
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) DeleteUser(ctx context.Context, req dbplugin.DeleteUserRequest) (dbplugin.DeleteUserResponse, error) {
	p.Lock()
	defer p.Unlock()

	if len(req.Statements.Commands) == 0 {
		return dbplugin.DeleteUserResponse{}, p.defaultDeleteUser(ctx, req.Username)
	}

	return dbplugin.DeleteUserResponse{}, p.customDeleteUser(ctx, req.Username, req.Statements.Commands)
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) customDeleteUser(ctx context.Context, username string, revocationStmts []string) error {
	db, err := p.getConnection(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer func() {
		tx.Rollback()
	}()

	for _, stmt := range revocationStmts {
		if containsMultilineStatement(stmt) {
			// Execute it as-is.
			m := map[string]string{
				"name":     username,
				"username": username,
			}
			if err := dbtxn.ExecuteTxQueryDirect(ctx, tx, m, stmt); err != nil {
				return err
			}
			continue
		}
		for _, query := range strutil.ParseArbitraryStringSlice(stmt, ";") {
			query = strings.TrimSpace(query)
			if len(query) == 0 {
				continue
			}

			m := map[string]string{
				"name":     username,
				"username": username,
			}
			if err := dbtxn.ExecuteTxQueryDirect(ctx, tx, m, query); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	return tx.Commit()
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) defaultDeleteUser(ctx context.Context, username string) error {
	db, err := p.getConnection(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Check if the role exists
	var exists bool
	err = db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT exists (SELECT rolname FROM pg_roles WHERE rolname=$1);", username).Scan(&exists)
	if err != nil && err != sql.ErrNoRows {
		return err
	}

	if !exists {
		return nil
	}

	// Query for permissions; we need to revoke permissions before we can drop
	// the role
	// This isn't done in a transaction because even if we fail along the way,
	// we want to remove as much access as possible
	stmt, err := db.PrepareContext(ctx, "SELECT DISTINCT table_schema FROM information_schema.role_column_grants WHERE grantee=$1;")
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer stmt.Close()

	rows, err := stmt.QueryContext(ctx, username)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer rows.Close()

	const initialNumRevocations = 16
	revocationStmts := make([]string, 0, initialNumRevocations)
	for rows.Next() {
		var schema string
		err = rows.Scan(&schema)
		if err != nil {
			// keep going; remove as many permissions as possible right now
			continue
		}
		revocationStmts = append(revocationStmts, fmt.Sprintf(
			`REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA %s FROM %s;`,
			(schema),
			dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))

		revocationStmts = append(revocationStmts, fmt.Sprintf(
			`REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA %s FROM %s;`,
			dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(schema),
			dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))
	}

	// for good measure, revoke all privileges and usage on schema public
	revocationStmts = append(revocationStmts, fmt.Sprintf(
		`REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public FROM %s;`,
		dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))

	revocationStmts = append(revocationStmts, fmt.Sprintf(
		"REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA public FROM %s;",
		dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))

	revocationStmts = append(revocationStmts, fmt.Sprintf(
		"REVOKE USAGE ON SCHEMA public FROM %s;",
		dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))

	// get the current database name so we can issue a REVOKE CONNECT for
	// this username
	var dbname sql.NullString
	if err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT current_database();").Scan(&dbname); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if dbname.Valid {
		revocationStmts = append(revocationStmts, fmt.Sprintf(
			`REVOKE CONNECT ON DATABASE %s FROM %s;`,
			dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(dbname.String),
			dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))
	}

	// again, here, we do not stop on error, as we want to remove as
	// many permissions as possible right now
	var lastStmtError error
	for _, query := range revocationStmts {
		if err := dbtxn.ExecuteDBQueryDirect(ctx, db, nil, query); err != nil {
			lastStmtError = err
		}
	}

	// can't drop if not all privileges are revoked
	if rows.Err() != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not generate revocation statements for all rows: %w", rows.Err())
	}
	if lastStmtError != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not perform all revocation statements: %w", lastStmtError)
	}

	// Drop this user
	stmt, err = db.PrepareContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf(
		`DROP ROLE IF EXISTS %s;`, dbutil.QuoteIdentifier(username)))
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer stmt.Close()
	if _, err := stmt.ExecContext(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) secretValues() map[string]string {
	return map[string]string{
		p.Password: "[password]",
	}
}

func (p *PostgreSQL) PluginVersion() logical.PluginVersion {
	return logical.PluginVersion{Version: ReportedVersion}
}

// containsMultilineStatement is a best effort to determine whether
// a particular statement is multiline, and therefore should not be
// split upon semicolons. If it's unsure, it defaults to false.
func containsMultilineStatement(stmt string) bool {
	// We're going to look for the word "END", but first let's ignore
	// anything the user provided within single or double quotes since
	// we're looking for an "END" within the Postgres syntax.
	literals, err := extractQuotedStrings(stmt)
	if err != nil {
		return false
	}
	stmtWithoutLiterals := stmt
	for _, literal := range literals {
		stmtWithoutLiterals = strings.ReplaceAll(stmt, literal, "")
	}
	// Now look for the word "END" specifically. This will miss any
	// representations of END that aren't surrounded by spaces, but
	// it should be easy to change on the user's side.
	return postgresEndStatement.MatchString(stmtWithoutLiterals)
}

// extractQuotedStrings extracts 0 or many substrings
// that have been single- or double-quoted. Ex:
// `"Hello", silly 'elephant' from the "zoo".`
// returns [ `Hello`, `'elephant'`, `"zoo"` ]
func extractQuotedStrings(s string) ([]string, error) {
	var found []string
	toFind := []*regexp.Regexp{
		doubleQuotedPhrases,
		singleQuotedPhrases,
	}
	for _, typeOfPhrase := range toFind {
		found = append(found, typeOfPhrase.FindAllString(s, -1)...)
	}
	return found, nil
}