prometheus/retrieval/scrape.go

// Copyright 2016 The Prometheus Authors
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package retrieval

import (
	"errors"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/log"
	"github.com/prometheus/common/model"
	"golang.org/x/net/context"

	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/config"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage"
	"github.com/prometheus/prometheus/storage/local"
)

const (
	scrapeHealthMetricName   = "up"
	scrapeDurationMetricName = "scrape_duration_seconds"

	// Capacity of the channel to buffer samples during ingestion.
	ingestedSamplesCap = 256

	// Constants for instrumentation.
	namespace = "prometheus"
	interval  = "interval"
)

var (
	errSkippedScrape = errors.New("scrape skipped due to throttled ingestion")

	targetIntervalLength = prometheus.NewSummaryVec(
		prometheus.SummaryOpts{
			Namespace:  namespace,
			Name:       "target_interval_length_seconds",
			Help:       "Actual intervals between scrapes.",
			Objectives: map[float64]float64{0.01: 0.001, 0.05: 0.005, 0.5: 0.05, 0.90: 0.01, 0.99: 0.001},
		},
		[]string{interval},
	)
	targetSkippedScrapes = prometheus.NewCounterVec(
		prometheus.CounterOpts{
			Namespace: namespace,
			Name:      "target_skipped_scrapes_total",
			Help:      "Total number of scrapes that were skipped because the metric storage was throttled.",
		},
		[]string{interval},
	)
)

func init() {
	prometheus.MustRegister(targetIntervalLength)
	prometheus.MustRegister(targetSkippedScrapes)
}

// scrapePool manages scrapes for sets of targets.
type scrapePool struct {
	appender storage.SampleAppender
	config   *config.ScrapeConfig

	ctx context.Context

	mtx     sync.RWMutex
	targets map[model.Fingerprint]*Target
	loops   map[model.Fingerprint]loop
}

func newScrapePool(cfg *config.ScrapeConfig, app storage.SampleAppender) *scrapePool {
	return &scrapePool{
		appender: app,
		config:   cfg,
		targets:  map[model.Fingerprint]*Target{},
		loops:    map[model.Fingerprint]loop{},
	}
}

// stop terminates all scrape loops and returns after they all terminated.
// A stopped scrape pool must not be used again.
func (sp *scrapePool) stop() {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup

	sp.mtx.RLock()

	for _, l := range sp.loops {
		wg.Add(1)

		go func(l loop) {
			l.stop()
			wg.Done()
		}(l)
	}
	sp.mtx.RUnlock()

	wg.Wait()
}

// reload the scrape pool with the given scrape configuration. The target state is preserved
// but all scrape loops are restarted with the new scrape configuration.
// This method returns after all scrape loops that were stopped have fully terminated.
func (sp *scrapePool) reload(cfg *config.ScrapeConfig) {
	sp.mtx.Lock()
	defer sp.mtx.Unlock()

	sp.config = cfg

	var (
		wg       sync.WaitGroup
		interval = time.Duration(sp.config.ScrapeInterval)
		timeout  = time.Duration(sp.config.ScrapeTimeout)
	)

	for fp, oldLoop := range sp.loops {
		var (
			t       = sp.targets[fp]
			newLoop = newScrapeLoop(sp.ctx, t, sp.sampleAppender(t), sp.reportAppender(t))
		)
		wg.Add(1)

		go func(oldLoop, newLoop loop) {
			oldLoop.stop()
			wg.Done()

			go newLoop.run(interval, timeout, nil)
		}(oldLoop, newLoop)

		sp.loops[fp] = newLoop
	}

	wg.Wait()
}

// sampleAppender returns an appender for ingested samples from the target.
func (sp *scrapePool) sampleAppender(target *Target) storage.SampleAppender {
	app := sp.appender
	// The relabelAppender has to be inside the label-modifying appenders
	// so the relabeling rules are applied to the correct label set.
	if mrc := sp.config.MetricRelabelConfigs; len(mrc) > 0 {
		app = relabelAppender{
			SampleAppender: app,
			relabelings:    mrc,
		}
	}

	if sp.config.HonorLabels {
		app = honorLabelsAppender{
			SampleAppender: app,
			labels:         target.Labels(),
		}
	} else {
		app = ruleLabelsAppender{
			SampleAppender: app,
			labels:         target.Labels(),
		}
	}
	return app
}

// reportAppender returns an appender for reporting samples for the target.
func (sp *scrapePool) reportAppender(target *Target) storage.SampleAppender {
	return ruleLabelsAppender{
		SampleAppender: sp.appender,
		labels:         target.Labels(),
	}
}

// sync takes a list of potentially duplicated targets, deduplicates them, starts
// scrape loops for new targets, and stops scrape loops for disappeared targets.
// It returns after all stopped scrape loops terminated.
func (sp *scrapePool) sync(targets []*Target) {
	sp.mtx.Lock()
	defer sp.mtx.Unlock()

	var (
		fingerprints = map[model.Fingerprint]struct{}{}
		interval     = time.Duration(sp.config.ScrapeInterval)
		timeout      = time.Duration(sp.config.ScrapeTimeout)
	)

	for _, t := range targets {
		fp := t.fingerprint()
		fingerprints[fp] = struct{}{}

		if _, ok := sp.targets[fp]; !ok {
			l := newScrapeLoop(sp.ctx, t, sp.sampleAppender(t), sp.reportAppender(t))

			sp.targets[fp] = t
			sp.loops[fp] = l

			go l.run(interval, timeout, nil)
		}
	}

	var wg sync.WaitGroup

	// Stop and remove old targets and scraper loops.
	for fp := range sp.targets {
		if _, ok := fingerprints[fp]; !ok {
			wg.Add(1)
			go func(l loop) {
				l.stop()
				wg.Done()
			}(sp.loops[fp])

			delete(sp.loops, fp)
			delete(sp.targets, fp)
		}
	}

	// Wait for all potentially stopped scrapers to terminate.
	// This covers the case of flapping targets. If the server is under high load, a new scraper
	// may be active and tries to insert. The old scraper that didn't terminate yet could still
	// be inserting a previous sample set.
	wg.Wait()
}

// A scraper retrieves samples and accepts a status report at the end.
type scraper interface {
	scrape(ctx context.Context, ts time.Time) (model.Samples, error)
	report(start time.Time, dur time.Duration, err error)
	offset(interval time.Duration) time.Duration
}

// A loop can run and be stopped again. It must be reused after it was stopped.
type loop interface {
	run(interval, timeout time.Duration, errc chan<- error)
	stop()
}

type scrapeLoop struct {
	scraper scraper

	appender       storage.SampleAppender
	reportAppender storage.SampleAppender

	done   chan struct{}
	mtx    sync.RWMutex
	ctx    context.Context
	cancel func()
}

func newScrapeLoop(ctx context.Context, sc scraper, app, reportApp storage.SampleAppender) *scrapeLoop {
	sl := &scrapeLoop{
		scraper:        sc,
		appender:       app,
		reportAppender: reportApp,
		done:           make(chan struct{}),
	}
	sl.ctx, sl.cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx)

	return sl
}

func (sl *scrapeLoop) run(interval, timeout time.Duration, errc chan<- error) {
	defer close(sl.done)

	select {
	case <-time.After(sl.scraper.offset(interval)):
		// Continue after a scraping offset.
	case <-sl.ctx.Done():
		return
	}

	var last time.Time

	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
	defer ticker.Stop()

	for {
		select {
		case <-sl.ctx.Done():
			return
		default:
		}

		if !sl.appender.NeedsThrottling() {
			var (
				start        = time.Now()
				scrapeCtx, _ = context.WithTimeout(sl.ctx, timeout)
			)

			// Only record after the first scrape.
			if !last.IsZero() {
				targetIntervalLength.WithLabelValues(interval.String()).Observe(
					float64(time.Since(last)) / float64(time.Second), // Sub-second precision.
				)
			}

			samples, err := sl.scraper.scrape(scrapeCtx, start)
			if err == nil {
				sl.append(samples)
			} else if errc != nil {
				errc <- err
			}

			sl.report(start, time.Since(start), err)
			last = start
		} else {
			targetSkippedScrapes.WithLabelValues(interval.String()).Inc()
		}

		select {
		case <-sl.ctx.Done():
			return
		case <-ticker.C:
		}
	}
}

func (sl *scrapeLoop) stop() {
	sl.mtx.RLock()
	sl.cancel()
	sl.mtx.RUnlock()

	<-sl.done
}

func (sl *scrapeLoop) append(samples model.Samples) {
	numOutOfOrder := 0

	for _, s := range samples {
		if err := sl.appender.Append(s); err != nil {
			if err == local.ErrOutOfOrderSample {
				numOutOfOrder++
			} else {
				log.Warnf("Error inserting sample: %s", err)
			}
		}
	}
	if numOutOfOrder > 0 {
		log.With("numDropped", numOutOfOrder).Warn("Error on ingesting out-of-order samples")
	}
}

func (sl *scrapeLoop) report(start time.Time, duration time.Duration, err error) {
	sl.scraper.report(start, duration, err)

	ts := model.TimeFromUnixNano(start.UnixNano())

	var health model.SampleValue
	if err == nil {
		health = 1
	}

	healthSample := &model.Sample{
		Metric: model.Metric{
			model.MetricNameLabel: scrapeHealthMetricName,
		},
		Timestamp: ts,
		Value:     health,
	}
	durationSample := &model.Sample{
		Metric: model.Metric{
			model.MetricNameLabel: scrapeDurationMetricName,
		},
		Timestamp: ts,
		Value:     model.SampleValue(float64(duration) / float64(time.Second)),
	}

	sl.reportAppender.Append(healthSample)
	sl.reportAppender.Append(durationSample)
}