diff --git a/src/quic_ssl.c b/src/quic_ssl.c
index 45915773b..32d5982e5 100644
--- a/src/quic_ssl.c
+++ b/src/quic_ssl.c
@@ -1018,6 +1018,14 @@ int qc_ssl_do_hanshake(struct quic_conn *qc, struct ssl_sock_ctx *ctx)
 				/* Wake up MUX after its creation. Operation similar to TLS+ALPN on TCP stack. */
 				qc->conn->mux->wake(qc->conn);
 			}
+			else {
+				/* Wake up upper layer if the MUX is alreay initialized.
+				 * This is the case when the MUX was started for a 0-RTT session
+				 * but without early-data secrets to send them (when the server
+				 * does not support 0-RTT).
+				 */
+				qc_notify_send(qc);
+			}
 		}
 		else {
 			TRACE_PROTO("could not start the mux", QUIC_EV_CONN_IO_CB, qc);
diff --git a/src/quic_tx.c b/src/quic_tx.c
index e78df8a05..fa3c99bfe 100644
--- a/src/quic_tx.c
+++ b/src/quic_tx.c
@@ -521,6 +521,16 @@ enum quic_tx_err qc_send_mux(struct quic_conn *qc, struct list *frms,
 
 	TRACE_ENTER(QUIC_EV_CONN_TXPKT, qc);
 
+	if (!qel) {
+		BUG_ON(!qc_is_back(qc) ||
+		       !(__objt_server(qc->conn->target)->ssl_ctx.options & SRV_SSL_O_EARLY_DATA));
+		/* This may happen when 0-RTT is enabled without early-data level secrets.
+		 * This always occurs when the server peer does not support 0-RTT.
+		 */
+		TRACE_DEVEL("cannot send at 0-RTT level", QUIC_EV_CONN_TXPKT, qc);
+		return QUIC_TX_ERR_NONE;
+	}
+
 	if (qc->conn->flags & CO_FL_SOCK_WR_SH) {
 		qc->conn->flags |= CO_FL_ERROR | CO_FL_SOCK_RD_SH;
 		TRACE_DEVEL("connection on error", QUIC_EV_CONN_TXPKT, qc);
diff --git a/src/xprt_quic.c b/src/xprt_quic.c
index ca7d4e9f9..b177c6656 100644
--- a/src/xprt_quic.c
+++ b/src/xprt_quic.c
@@ -209,8 +209,11 @@ static int qc_xprt_start(struct connection *conn, void *ctx)
 	/* Schedule quic-conn to ensure post handshake frames are emitted. This
 	 * is not done for 0-RTT as xprt->start happens before handshake
 	 * completion.
+	 * Note that, when 0-RTT is enabled for backend connections, it is
+	 * possible that the ealy-data secrets could not be derived. This is the
+	 * case when the server does not support 0-RTT.
 	 */
-	if ((qc_is_back(qc) && !qc_is_conn_ready(qc)) ||
+	if ((qc_is_back(qc) && (!qc_is_conn_ready(qc) || !qc->eel)) ||
 	    (qc->flags & QUIC_FL_CONN_NEED_POST_HANDSHAKE_FRMS))
 		tasklet_wakeup(qc->wait_event.tasklet);