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<h1 id="cloudflare-dns">Cloudflare DNS<a class="headerlink" href="#cloudflare-dns" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>This tutorial describes how to setup ExternalDNS for usage within a Kubernetes cluster using Cloudflare DNS.</p>
<p>Make sure to use <strong>&gt;=0.4.2</strong> version of ExternalDNS for this tutorial.</p>
<h2 id="creating-a-cloudflare-dns-zone">Creating a Cloudflare DNS zone<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-a-cloudflare-dns-zone" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>We highly recommend to read this tutorial if you haven&rsquo;t used Cloudflare before:</p>
<p><a href="https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/201720164-Step-2-Create-a-Cloudflare-account-and-add-a-website">Create a Cloudflare account and add a website</a></p>
<h2 id="creating-cloudflare-credentials">Creating Cloudflare Credentials<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-cloudflare-credentials" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Snippet from <a href="https://api.cloudflare.com/#getting-started-endpoints">Cloudflare - Getting Started</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Cloudflare&rsquo;s API exposes the entire Cloudflare infrastructure via a standardized programmatic interface. Using Cloudflare&rsquo;s API, you can do just about anything you can do on cloudflare.com via the customer dashboard.<br />
The Cloudflare API is a RESTful API based on HTTPS requests and JSON responses. If you are registered with Cloudflare, you can obtain your API key from the bottom of the &ldquo;My Account&rdquo; page, found here: <a href="https://dash.cloudflare.com/profile">Go to My account</a>.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>API Token will be preferred for authentication if <code>CF_API_TOKEN</code> environment variable is set.<br />
Otherwise <code>CF_API_KEY</code> and <code>CF_API_EMAIL</code> should be set to run ExternalDNS with Cloudflare.<br />
You may provide the Cloudflare API token through a file by setting the<br />
<code>CF_API_TOKEN="file:/path/to/token"</code>.</p>
<p>Note. The <code>CF_API_KEY</code> and <code>CF_API_EMAIL</code> should not be present, if you are using a <code>CF_API_TOKEN</code>.</p>
<p>When using API Token authentication, the token should be granted Zone <code>Read</code>, DNS <code>Edit</code> privileges, and access to <code>All zones</code>.</p>
<p>If you would like to further restrict the API permissions to a specific zone (or zones), you also need to use the <code>--zone-id-filter</code> so that the underlying API requests only access the zones that you explicitly specify, as opposed to accessing all zones.</p>
<h2 id="throttling">Throttling<a class="headerlink" href="#throttling" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Cloudflare API has a <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/api/reference/limits/">global rate limit of 1,200 requests per five minutes</a>. Running several fast polling ExternalDNS instances in a given account can easily hit that limit.<br />
The AWS Provider <a href="../aws/#throttling">docs</a> has some recommendations that can be followed here too, but in particular, consider passing <code>--cloudflare-dns-records-per-page</code> with a high value (maximum is 5,000).</p>
<h2 id="deploy-externaldns">Deploy ExternalDNS<a class="headerlink" href="#deploy-externaldns" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Connect your <code>kubectl</code> client to the cluster you want to test ExternalDNS with.</p>
<p>Begin by creating a Kubernetes secret to securely store your CloudFlare API key. This key will enable ExternalDNS to authenticate with CloudFlare:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>create<span class="w"> </span>secret<span class="w"> </span>generic<span class="w"> </span>cloudflare-api-key<span class="w"> </span>--from-literal<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">apiKey</span><span class="o">=</span>YOUR_API_KEY<span class="w"> </span>--from-literal<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">email</span><span class="o">=</span>YOUR_CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL
</code></pre></div>
<p>And for API Token it should look like :</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>create<span class="w"> </span>secret<span class="w"> </span>generic<span class="w"> </span>cloudflare-api-key<span class="w"> </span>--from-literal<span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">apiKey</span><span class="o">=</span>YOUR_API_TOKEN
</code></pre></div>
<p>Ensure to replace YOUR_API_KEY with your actual CloudFlare API key and YOUR_CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL with the email associated with your CloudFlare account.</p>
<p>Then apply one of the following manifests file to deploy ExternalDNS.</p>
<h3 id="using-helm">Using Helm<a class="headerlink" href="#using-helm" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Create a values.yaml file to configure ExternalDNS to use CloudFlare as the DNS provider. This file should include the necessary environment variables:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_KEY</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apiKey</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_EMAIL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-11" name="__codelineno-2-11" href="#__codelineno-2-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-12" name="__codelineno-2-12" href="#__codelineno-2-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-13" name="__codelineno-2-13" href="#__codelineno-2-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">email</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Use this in your values.yaml, if you are using API Token:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a><span class="nt">provider</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-3" name="__codelineno-3-3" href="#__codelineno-3-3"></a><span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-4" name="__codelineno-3-4" href="#__codelineno-3-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_TOKEN</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-5" name="__codelineno-3-5" href="#__codelineno-3-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-6" name="__codelineno-3-6" href="#__codelineno-3-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-7" name="__codelineno-3-7" href="#__codelineno-3-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-3-8" name="__codelineno-3-8" href="#__codelineno-3-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apiKey</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Finally, install the ExternalDNS chart with Helm using the configuration specified in your values.yaml file:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>helm<span class="w"> </span>repo<span class="w"> </span>add<span class="w"> </span>external-dns<span class="w"> </span>https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/external-dns/
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>helm<span class="w"> </span>repo<span class="w"> </span>update
</code></pre></div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>helm<span class="w"> </span>upgrade<span class="w"> </span>--install<span class="w"> </span>external-dns<span class="w"> </span>external-dns/external-dns<span class="w"> </span>--values<span class="w"> </span>values.yaml
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="manifest-for-clusters-without-rbac-enabled">Manifest (for clusters without RBAC enabled)<a class="headerlink" href="#manifest-for-clusters-without-rbac-enabled" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apps/v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-2" name="__codelineno-7-2" href="#__codelineno-7-2"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Deployment</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-3" name="__codelineno-7-3" href="#__codelineno-7-3"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-4" name="__codelineno-7-4" href="#__codelineno-7-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-5" name="__codelineno-7-5" href="#__codelineno-7-5"></a><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-6" name="__codelineno-7-6" href="#__codelineno-7-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">strategy</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-7" name="__codelineno-7-7" href="#__codelineno-7-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Recreate</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-8" name="__codelineno-7-8" href="#__codelineno-7-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-9" name="__codelineno-7-9" href="#__codelineno-7-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">matchLabels</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-10" name="__codelineno-7-10" href="#__codelineno-7-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-11" name="__codelineno-7-11" href="#__codelineno-7-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-12" name="__codelineno-7-12" href="#__codelineno-7-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-13" name="__codelineno-7-13" href="#__codelineno-7-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-14" name="__codelineno-7-14" href="#__codelineno-7-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-15" name="__codelineno-7-15" href="#__codelineno-7-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-16" name="__codelineno-7-16" href="#__codelineno-7-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-17" name="__codelineno-7-17" href="#__codelineno-7-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-18" name="__codelineno-7-18" href="#__codelineno-7-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">registry.k8s.io/external-dns/external-dns:v0.17.0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-19" name="__codelineno-7-19" href="#__codelineno-7-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-20" name="__codelineno-7-20" href="#__codelineno-7-20"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--source=service</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ingress is also possible</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-21" name="__codelineno-7-21" href="#__codelineno-7-21"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--domain-filter=example.com</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) limit to only example.com domains; change to match the zone created above.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-22" name="__codelineno-7-22" href="#__codelineno-7-22"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--zone-id-filter=023e105f4ecef8ad9ca31a8372d0c353</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) limit to a specific zone.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-23" name="__codelineno-7-23" href="#__codelineno-7-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--provider=cloudflare</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-24" name="__codelineno-7-24" href="#__codelineno-7-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-proxied</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) enable the proxy feature of Cloudflare (DDOS protection, CDN...)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-25" name="__codelineno-7-25" href="#__codelineno-7-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-dns-records-per-page=5000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) configure how many DNS records to fetch per request</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-26" name="__codelineno-7-26" href="#__codelineno-7-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-regional-services</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) enable the regional hostname feature that configure which region can decrypt HTTPS requests</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-27" name="__codelineno-7-27" href="#__codelineno-7-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-region-key=&quot;eu&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) configure which region can decrypt HTTPS requests</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-28" name="__codelineno-7-28" href="#__codelineno-7-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-record-comment=&quot;provisioned by external-dns&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) configure comments for provisioned records; &lt;=100 chars for free zones; &lt;=500 chars for paid zones</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-29" name="__codelineno-7-29" href="#__codelineno-7-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="w w-Error"> </span><span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-30" name="__codelineno-7-30" href="#__codelineno-7-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_KEY</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-31" name="__codelineno-7-31" href="#__codelineno-7-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-32" name="__codelineno-7-32" href="#__codelineno-7-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-33" name="__codelineno-7-33" href="#__codelineno-7-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-34" name="__codelineno-7-34" href="#__codelineno-7-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apiKey</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-35" name="__codelineno-7-35" href="#__codelineno-7-35"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_EMAIL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-36" name="__codelineno-7-36" href="#__codelineno-7-36"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-37" name="__codelineno-7-37" href="#__codelineno-7-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-38" name="__codelineno-7-38" href="#__codelineno-7-38"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-7-39" name="__codelineno-7-39" href="#__codelineno-7-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">email</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="manifest-for-clusters-with-rbac-enabled">Manifest (for clusters with RBAC enabled)<a class="headerlink" href="#manifest-for-clusters-with-rbac-enabled" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ServiceAccount</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="nn">---</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-7" name="__codelineno-8-7" href="#__codelineno-8-7"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ClusterRole</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-8" name="__codelineno-8-8" href="#__codelineno-8-8"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-9" name="__codelineno-8-9" href="#__codelineno-8-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-10" name="__codelineno-8-10" href="#__codelineno-8-10"></a><span class="nt">rules</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-11" name="__codelineno-8-11" href="#__codelineno-8-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">apiGroups</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-12" name="__codelineno-8-12" href="#__codelineno-8-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">resources</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;services&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;endpoints&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;pods&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-13" name="__codelineno-8-13" href="#__codelineno-8-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">verbs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;get&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;watch&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;list&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-14" name="__codelineno-8-14" href="#__codelineno-8-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">apiGroups</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;extensions&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;networking.k8s.io&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-15" name="__codelineno-8-15" href="#__codelineno-8-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">resources</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;ingresses&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-16" name="__codelineno-8-16" href="#__codelineno-8-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">verbs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;get&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;watch&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="s">&quot;list&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-17" name="__codelineno-8-17" href="#__codelineno-8-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">apiGroups</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-18" name="__codelineno-8-18" href="#__codelineno-8-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">resources</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;nodes&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-19" name="__codelineno-8-19" href="#__codelineno-8-19"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">verbs</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">[</span><span class="s">&quot;list&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;watch&quot;</span><span class="p p-Indicator">]</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-20" name="__codelineno-8-20" href="#__codelineno-8-20"></a><span class="nn">---</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-21" name="__codelineno-8-21" href="#__codelineno-8-21"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-22" name="__codelineno-8-22" href="#__codelineno-8-22"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ClusterRoleBinding</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-23" name="__codelineno-8-23" href="#__codelineno-8-23"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-24" name="__codelineno-8-24" href="#__codelineno-8-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns-viewer</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-25" name="__codelineno-8-25" href="#__codelineno-8-25"></a><span class="nt">roleRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-26" name="__codelineno-8-26" href="#__codelineno-8-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">apiGroup</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">rbac.authorization.k8s.io</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-27" name="__codelineno-8-27" href="#__codelineno-8-27"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ClusterRole</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-28" name="__codelineno-8-28" href="#__codelineno-8-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-29" name="__codelineno-8-29" href="#__codelineno-8-29"></a><span class="nt">subjects</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-30" name="__codelineno-8-30" href="#__codelineno-8-30"></a><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">ServiceAccount</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-31" name="__codelineno-8-31" href="#__codelineno-8-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-32" name="__codelineno-8-32" href="#__codelineno-8-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">namespace</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">default</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-33" name="__codelineno-8-33" href="#__codelineno-8-33"></a><span class="nn">---</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-34" name="__codelineno-8-34" href="#__codelineno-8-34"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apps/v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-35" name="__codelineno-8-35" href="#__codelineno-8-35"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Deployment</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-36" name="__codelineno-8-36" href="#__codelineno-8-36"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-37" name="__codelineno-8-37" href="#__codelineno-8-37"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-38" name="__codelineno-8-38" href="#__codelineno-8-38"></a><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-39" name="__codelineno-8-39" href="#__codelineno-8-39"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">strategy</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-40" name="__codelineno-8-40" href="#__codelineno-8-40"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Recreate</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-41" name="__codelineno-8-41" href="#__codelineno-8-41"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-42" name="__codelineno-8-42" href="#__codelineno-8-42"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">matchLabels</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-43" name="__codelineno-8-43" href="#__codelineno-8-43"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-44" name="__codelineno-8-44" href="#__codelineno-8-44"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-45" name="__codelineno-8-45" href="#__codelineno-8-45"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-46" name="__codelineno-8-46" href="#__codelineno-8-46"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-47" name="__codelineno-8-47" href="#__codelineno-8-47"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-48" name="__codelineno-8-48" href="#__codelineno-8-48"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-49" name="__codelineno-8-49" href="#__codelineno-8-49"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">serviceAccountName</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-50" name="__codelineno-8-50" href="#__codelineno-8-50"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-51" name="__codelineno-8-51" href="#__codelineno-8-51"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">external-dns</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-52" name="__codelineno-8-52" href="#__codelineno-8-52"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">registry.k8s.io/external-dns/external-dns:v0.17.0</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-53" name="__codelineno-8-53" href="#__codelineno-8-53"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">args</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-54" name="__codelineno-8-54" href="#__codelineno-8-54"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--source=service</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># ingress is also possible</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-55" name="__codelineno-8-55" href="#__codelineno-8-55"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--domain-filter=example.com</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) limit to only example.com domains; change to match the zone created above.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-56" name="__codelineno-8-56" href="#__codelineno-8-56"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--zone-id-filter=023e105f4ecef8ad9ca31a8372d0c353</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) limit to a specific zone.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-57" name="__codelineno-8-57" href="#__codelineno-8-57"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--provider=cloudflare</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-58" name="__codelineno-8-58" href="#__codelineno-8-58"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-proxied</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) enable the proxy feature of Cloudflare (DDOS protection, CDN...)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-59" name="__codelineno-8-59" href="#__codelineno-8-59"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-dns-records-per-page=5000</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) configure how many DNS records to fetch per request</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-60" name="__codelineno-8-60" href="#__codelineno-8-60"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-regional-services</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) enable the regional hostname feature that configure which region can decrypt HTTPS requests</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-61" name="__codelineno-8-61" href="#__codelineno-8-61"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-region-key=&quot;eu&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) configure which region can decrypt HTTPS requests</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-62" name="__codelineno-8-62" href="#__codelineno-8-62"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">--cloudflare-record-comment=&quot;provisioned by external-dns&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1"># (optional) configure comments for provisioned records; &lt;=100 chars for free zones; &lt;=500 chars for paid zones</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-63" name="__codelineno-8-63" href="#__codelineno-8-63"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">env</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-64" name="__codelineno-8-64" href="#__codelineno-8-64"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_KEY</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-65" name="__codelineno-8-65" href="#__codelineno-8-65"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-66" name="__codelineno-8-66" href="#__codelineno-8-66"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-67" name="__codelineno-8-67" href="#__codelineno-8-67"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-68" name="__codelineno-8-68" href="#__codelineno-8-68"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apiKey</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-69" name="__codelineno-8-69" href="#__codelineno-8-69"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">CF_API_EMAIL</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-70" name="__codelineno-8-70" href="#__codelineno-8-70"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">valueFrom</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-71" name="__codelineno-8-71" href="#__codelineno-8-71"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">secretKeyRef</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-72" name="__codelineno-8-72" href="#__codelineno-8-72"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">cloudflare-api-key</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-73" name="__codelineno-8-73" href="#__codelineno-8-73"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">key</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">email</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="deploying-an-nginx-service">Deploying an Nginx Service<a class="headerlink" href="#deploying-an-nginx-service" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Create a service file called &lsquo;nginx.yaml&rsquo; with the following contents:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">apps/v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Deployment</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-6" name="__codelineno-9-6" href="#__codelineno-9-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-7" name="__codelineno-9-7" href="#__codelineno-9-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">matchLabels</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-8" name="__codelineno-9-8" href="#__codelineno-9-8"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-9" name="__codelineno-9-9" href="#__codelineno-9-9"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-10" name="__codelineno-9-10" href="#__codelineno-9-10"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-11" name="__codelineno-9-11" href="#__codelineno-9-11"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">labels</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-12" name="__codelineno-9-12" href="#__codelineno-9-12"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-13" name="__codelineno-9-13" href="#__codelineno-9-13"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-14" name="__codelineno-9-14" href="#__codelineno-9-14"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-15" name="__codelineno-9-15" href="#__codelineno-9-15"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">image</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-16" name="__codelineno-9-16" href="#__codelineno-9-16"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-17" name="__codelineno-9-17" href="#__codelineno-9-17"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-18" name="__codelineno-9-18" href="#__codelineno-9-18"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">containerPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">80</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-19" name="__codelineno-9-19" href="#__codelineno-9-19"></a><span class="nn">---</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-20" name="__codelineno-9-20" href="#__codelineno-9-20"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-21" name="__codelineno-9-21" href="#__codelineno-9-21"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Service</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-22" name="__codelineno-9-22" href="#__codelineno-9-22"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-23" name="__codelineno-9-23" href="#__codelineno-9-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">name</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-24" name="__codelineno-9-24" href="#__codelineno-9-24"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-25" name="__codelineno-9-25" href="#__codelineno-9-25"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">example.com</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-26" name="__codelineno-9-26" href="#__codelineno-9-26"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;120&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">#optional</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-27" name="__codelineno-9-27" href="#__codelineno-9-27"></a><span class="nt">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-28" name="__codelineno-9-28" href="#__codelineno-9-28"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">selector</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-29" name="__codelineno-9-29" href="#__codelineno-9-29"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">app</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-30" name="__codelineno-9-30" href="#__codelineno-9-30"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">type</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">LoadBalancer</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-31" name="__codelineno-9-31" href="#__codelineno-9-31"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">ports</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-32" name="__codelineno-9-32" href="#__codelineno-9-32"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="p p-Indicator">-</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">protocol</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">TCP</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-33" name="__codelineno-9-33" href="#__codelineno-9-33"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">port</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">80</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-34" name="__codelineno-9-34" href="#__codelineno-9-34"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">targetPort</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">80</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Note the annotation on the service; use the same hostname as the Cloudflare DNS zone created above. The annotation may also be a subdomain<br />
of the DNS zone (e.g. &lsquo;www.example.com&rsquo;).</p>
<p>By setting the TTL annotation on the service, you have to pass a valid TTL, which must be 120 or above.<br />
This annotation is optional, if you won&rsquo;t set it, it will be 1 (automatic) which is 300.<br />
For Cloudflare proxied entries, set the TTL annotation to 1 (automatic), or do not set it.</p>
<p>ExternalDNS uses this annotation to determine what services should be registered with DNS. Removing the annotation<br />
will cause ExternalDNS to remove the corresponding DNS records.</p>
<p>Create the deployment and service:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>create<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>nginx.yaml
</code></pre></div>
<p>Depending where you run your service it can take a little while for your cloud provider to create an external IP for the service.</p>
<p>Once the service has an external IP assigned, ExternalDNS will notice the new service IP address and synchronize<br />
the Cloudflare DNS records.</p>
<h2 id="verifying-cloudflare-dns-records">Verifying Cloudflare DNS records<a class="headerlink" href="#verifying-cloudflare-dns-records" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Check your <a href="https://www.cloudflare.com/a/dns/example.com">Cloudflare dashboard</a> to view the records for your Cloudflare DNS zone.</p>
<p>Substitute the zone for the one created above if a different domain was used.</p>
<p>This should show the external IP address of the service as the A record for your domain.</p>
<h2 id="cleanup">Cleanup<a class="headerlink" href="#cleanup" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Now that we have verified that ExternalDNS will automatically manage Cloudflare DNS records, we can delete the tutorial&rsquo;s example:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>delete<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>nginx.yaml
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>delete<span class="w"> </span>-f<span class="w"> </span>externaldns.yaml
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="setting-cloudflare-proxied-on-a-per-ingress-basis">Setting cloudflare-proxied on a per-ingress basis<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-cloudflare-proxied-on-a-per-ingress-basis" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Using the <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/cloudflare-proxied: "true"</code> annotation on your ingress, you can specify if the proxy feature of Cloudflare should be enabled for that record. This setting will override the global <code>--cloudflare-proxied</code> setting.</p>
<h2 id="setting-cloudlfare-regional-services">Setting cloudlfare regional services<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-cloudlfare-regional-services" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>With Cloudflare regional services you can restrict which data centers can decrypt and serve HTTPS traffic.</p>
<p>Configuration of Cloudflare Regional Services is enabled by the <code>--cloudflare-regional-services</code> flag.<br />
A default region can be defined using the <code>--cloudflare-region-key</code> flag.</p>
<p>Using the <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/cloudflare-region-key</code> annotation on your ingress, you can specify the region for that record.</p>
<p>An empty string will result in no regional hostname configured.</p>
<p><strong>Accepted values for region key include:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code>eu</code>: European Union data centers only</li>
<li><code>us</code>: United States data centers only</li>
<li><code>ap</code>: Asia-Pacific data centers only</li>
<li><code>fedramp</code>: US public sector (FedRAMP) data centers</li>
<li><code>in</code>: India data centers only</li>
<li><code>ca</code>: Canada data centers only</li>
<li><code>jp</code>: Japan data centers only</li>
<li><code>kr</code>: South Korea data centers only</li>
<li><code>br</code>: Brazil data centers only</li>
<li><code>za</code>: South Africa data centers only</li>
<li><code>ae</code>: United Arab Emirates data centers only</li>
</ul>
<p>For the most up-to-date list and details, see the <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/data-localization/regional-services/get-started/">Cloudflare Regional Services documentation</a>.</p>
<p>Currently, requires SuperAdmin or Admin role.</p>
<h2 id="setting-cloudflare-custom-hostname">Setting cloudflare-custom-hostname<a class="headerlink" href="#setting-cloudflare-custom-hostname" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Automatic configuration of Cloudflare custom hostnames (using A/CNAME DNS records as custom origin servers) is enabled by the <code>--cloudflare-custom-hostnames</code> flag and the <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/cloudflare-custom-hostname: &lt;custom hostname&gt;</code> annotation.</p>
<p>Multiple hostnames are supported via a comma-separated list: <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/cloudflare-custom-hostname: &lt;custom hostname 1&gt;,&lt;custom hostname 2&gt;</code>.</p>
<p>See <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-for-platforms/cloudflare-for-saas/domain-support/">Cloudflare for Platforms</a> for more information on custom hostnames.</p>
<p>This feature is disabled by default and supports the <code>--cloudflare-custom-hostnames-min-tls-version</code> and <code>--cloudflare-custom-hostnames-certificate-authority</code> flags.</p>
<p><code>--cloudflare-custom-hostnames-certificate-authority</code> defaults to <code>none</code>, which explicitly means no Certificate Authority (CA) is set when using the Cloudflare API. Specifying a custom CA is only possible for enterprise accounts.</p>
<p>The custom hostname DNS must resolve to the Cloudflare DNS record (<code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname</code>) for automatic certificate validation via the HTTP method. It&rsquo;s important to note that the TXT method does not allow automatic validation and is not supported.</p>
<p>Requires <a href="https://developers.cloudflare.com/cloudflare-for-platforms/cloudflare-for-saas/">Cloudflare for SaaS</a> product and &ldquo;SSL and Certificates&rdquo; API permission.</p>
<p>Due to a limitation within the cloudflare-go v0 API, the custom hostname page size is fixed at 50.</p>
<h2 id="using-crd-source-to-manage-dns-records-in-cloudflare">Using CRD source to manage DNS records in Cloudflare<a class="headerlink" href="#using-crd-source-to-manage-dns-records-in-cloudflare" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>Please refer to the <a href="../../sources/crd/#example">CRD source documentation</a> for more information.</p>
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