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<article class="md-content__inner md-typeset">
<h1 id="configure-dns-record-ttl-time-to-live">Configure DNS record TTL (Time-To-Live)<a class="headerlink" href="#configure-dns-record-ttl-time-to-live" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<p>An optional annotation <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</code> is available to customize the TTL value of a DNS record.<br />
TTL is specified as an integer encoded as string representing seconds.</p>
<p>To configure it, simply annotate a service/ingress, e.g.:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Service</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx.external-dns-test.my-org.com.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;60&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">...</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>TTL can also be specified as a duration value parsable by Golang <a href="https://golang.org/pkg/time/#ParseDuration">time.ParseDuration</a>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="nt">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">v1</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="nt">kind</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">Service</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="nt">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">nginx.external-dns-test.my-org.com.</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;1m&quot;</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="l l-Scalar l-Scalar-Plain">...</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Both examples result in the same value of 60 seconds TTL.</p>
<p>TTL must be a positive value.</p>
<h2 id="ttl-annotation-support">TTL annotation support<a class="headerlink" href="#ttl-annotation-support" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<p>Note: For TTL annotations to work, the <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/hostname</code> annotation must be set on the resource and be supported by the provider as well as the source.</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="providers">Providers<a class="headerlink" href="#providers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Provider</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">Supported</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Akamai</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>AlibabaCloud</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>AWS</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>AWSSD</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Azure</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Civo</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Cloudflare</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>CoreDNS</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>DigitalOcean</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>DNSSimple</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Exoscale</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Gandi</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>GoDaddy</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Google GCP</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>InMemory</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Linode</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>NS1</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>OCI</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>OVH</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>PDNS</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>PiHole</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Plural</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>RFC2136</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Scaleway</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Transip</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>Webhook</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3 id="sources">Sources<a class="headerlink" href="#sources" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align: left;">Source</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">Supported</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>ambassador-host</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>cloudfoundry</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>connector</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>contour-httpproxy</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>crd</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>empty</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>f5-transportserver</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>f5-virtualserver</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>fake</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">❌</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>gateway-grpcroute</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>gateway-httproute</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>gateway-tcproute</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>gateway-tlsroute</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>gateway-udproute</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>gloo-proxy</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>ingress</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>istio-gateway</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>istio-virtualservice</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>kong-tcpingress</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>node</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>openshift-route</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>pod</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>service</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>skipper-routegroup</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align: left;"><code>traefik-proxy</code></td>
<td style="text-align: center;">✅</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="notes">Notes<a class="headerlink" href="#notes" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>When the <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</code> annotation is not provided, the TTL will default to 0 seconds and <code>endpoint.TTL.isConfigured()</code> will be false.</p>
<h3 id="aws-provider">AWS Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#aws-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The AWS Provider overrides the value to 300s when the TTL is 0.<br />
This value is a constant in the provider code.</p>
<h3 id="azure">Azure<a class="headerlink" href="#azure" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>TTL value should be between 1 and 2,147,483,647 seconds.<br />
By default it will be 300s.</p>
<h3 id="cloudflare-provider">CloudFlare Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#cloudflare-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>CloudFlare overrides the value to &ldquo;auto&rdquo; when the TTL is 0.</p>
<h3 id="digitalocean-provider">DigitalOcean Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#digitalocean-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The DigitalOcean Provider overrides the value to 300s when the TTL is 0.<br />
This value is a constant in the provider code.</p>
<h3 id="dnsimple-provider">DNSimple Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#dnsimple-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The DNSimple Provider default TTL is used when the TTL is 0. The default TTL is 3600s.</p>
<h3 id="google-provider">Google Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#google-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Previously with the Google Provider, TTL&rsquo;s were hard-coded to 300s.<br />
For safety, the Google Provider overrides the value to 300s when the TTL is 0.<br />
This value is a constant in the provider code.</p>
<p>For the moment, it is impossible to use a TTL value of 0 with the AWS, DigitalOcean, or Google Providers.<br />
This behavior may change in the future.</p>
<h3 id="linode-provider">Linode Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#linode-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The Linode Provider default TTL is used when the TTL is 0. The default is 24 hours</p>
<h3 id="transip-provider">TransIP Provider<a class="headerlink" href="#transip-provider" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>The TransIP Provider minimal TTL is used when the TTL is 0. The minimal TTL is 60s.</p>
<h2 id="use-cases-for-external-dnsalphakubernetesiottl-annotation">Use Cases for <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</code> annotation<a class="headerlink" href="#use-cases-for-external-dnsalphakubernetesiottl-annotation" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</code> annotation allows you to set a custom <strong>TTL (Time To Live)</strong> for DNS records managed by <code>external-dns</code>.</p>
<p>Use the <code>external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/tt</code> annotation to fine-tune DNS caching behavior per record, balancing between update frequency and performance.</p>
<p>This is useful in several real-world scenarios depending on how frequently DNS records are expected to change.</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="fast-failover-for-critical-services">Fast Failover for Critical Services<a class="headerlink" href="#fast-failover-for-critical-services" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>For services that must be highly available—like APIs, databases, or external load balancers—set a <strong>low TTL</strong> (e.g., 30 seconds) so DNS clients quickly update to new IPs during:</p>
<ul>
<li>Node failures</li>
<li>Region failovers</li>
<li>Blue/green deployments</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="nt">annotations</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s">&quot;30s&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h3 id="long-ttl-for-static-services">Long TTL for Static Services<a class="headerlink" href="#long-ttl-for-static-services" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>If your service’s IP or endpoint rarely changes (e.g., static websites, internal dashboards), you can set a long TTL (e.g., 86400 seconds = 24 hours) to:</p>
<ul>
<li>Reduce DNS query load</li>
<li>Improve cache performance</li>
<li>Lower cost with some DNS providers</li>
</ul>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>annotations:
<a id="__codelineno-3-2" name="__codelineno-3-2" href="#__codelineno-3-2"></a> external-dns.alpha.kubernetes.io/ttl: &quot;24h&quot;
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h3 id="canary-or-experimental-services">Canary or Experimental Services<a class="headerlink" href="#canary-or-experimental-services" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Use a short TTL for services under test or experimentation to allow fast DNS propagation when making changes, allowing easy rollback and testing.</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="provider-specific-optimization">Provider-Specific Optimization<a class="headerlink" href="#provider-specific-optimization" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Some DNS providers charge per query or have query rate limits. Adjusting the TTL lets you:</p>
<ul>
<li>Reduce costs</li>
<li>Avoid throttling</li>
<li>Manage DNS traffic load efficiently</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h3 id="regulatory-or-contractual-slas">Regulatory or Contractual SLAs<a class="headerlink" href="#regulatory-or-contractual-slas" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>Certain environments may require TTL values to align with:</p>
<ul>
<li>Regulatory guidelines</li>
<li>Legacy system compatibility</li>
<li>Contractual service-level agreements</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<h3 id="autoscaling-node-pools-in-gcp-or-other-cloud-providers">Autoscaling Node Pools in GCP (or Other Cloud Providers)<a class="headerlink" href="#autoscaling-node-pools-in-gcp-or-other-cloud-providers" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h3>
<p>In environments like Google Cloud Platform (GCP) using private node IPs for DNS resolution, ExternalDNS may register node IPs with a default TTL of 300 seconds.</p>
<p>During autoscaling events (e.g., node addition/removal or upgrades), DNS records may remain stale for several minutes, causing traffic to be routed to non-existent nodes.</p>
<p>By using the TTL annotation you can:</p>
<ul>
<li>Reduce TTL to allow faster DNS propagation</li>
<li>Ensure quicker routing updates when node IPs change</li>
<li>Improve resiliency during frequent cluster topology changes</li>
<li>Fine-grained TTL control helps avoid downtime or misrouting in dynamic, autoscaling environments.</li>
</ul>
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