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<h1 id="dns-provider-api-rate-limits-considerations">DNS provider API rate limits considerations<a class="headerlink" href="#dns-provider-api-rate-limits-considerations" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h1>
<h2 id="introduction">Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>By design, external-dns refreshes all the records of a zone using API calls.<br />
This refresh may happen peridically and upon any changed object if the flag <code>--events</code> is enabled.</p>
<p>Depending on the size of the zone and the infrastructure deployment, this may lead to external-dns<br />
hitting the DNS provider&rsquo;s rate-limits more easily.</p>
<p>In particular, it has been found that with 200k records in an AWS Route53 zone, each refresh triggers around<br />
70 API calls to retrieve all the records, making it more likely to hit the AWS Route53 API rate limits.</p>
<p>To prevent this problem from happening, external-dns has implemented a cache to reduce the pressure on the DNS<br />
provider APIs.</p>
<p>This cache is optional and systematically invalidated when DNS records have been changed in the cluster<br />
(new or deleted domains or changed target).</p>
<h2 id="trade-offs">Trade-offs<a class="headerlink" href="#trade-offs" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>The major trade-off of this setting relies in the ability to recover from a deleted record on the DNS provider side.<br />
As the DNS records are cached in memory, external-dns will not be made aware of the missing records and will hence<br />
take a longer time to restore the deleted or modified record on the provider side.</p>
<p>This option is enabled using the <code>--provider-cache-time=15m</code> command line argument, and turned off when <code>--provider-cache-time=0m</code></p>
<h2 id="monitoring">Monitoring<a class="headerlink" href="#monitoring" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>You can evaluate the behaviour of the cache thanks to the built-in metrics</p>
<ul>
<li><code>external_dns_provider_cache_records_calls</code></li>
<li>The number of calls to the provider cache Records list.</li>
<li>The label <code>from_cache=true</code> indicates that the records were retrieved from memory and the DNS provider was not reached</li>
<li>The label <code>from_cache=false</code> indicates that the cache was not used and the records were retrieved from the provider</li>
<li><code>external_dns_provider_cache_apply_changes_calls</code></li>
<li>The number of calls to the provider cache ApplyChanges.</li>
<li>Each ApplyChange systematically invalidates the cache and makes subsequent Records list to be retrieved from the provider without cache.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="related-options">Related options<a class="headerlink" href="#related-options" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
<p>This global option is available for all providers and can be used in pair with other global<br />
or provider-specific options to fine-tune the behaviour of external-dns<br />
to match the specific needs of your deployments, with the goal to reduce the number of API calls to your DNS provider.</p>
<ul>
<li>Google</li>
<li><code>--google-batch-change-interval=1s</code> When using the Google provider, set the interval between batch changes. ($EXTERNAL_DNS_GOOGLE_BATCH_CHANGE_INTERVAL)</li>
<li><code>--google-batch-change-size=1000</code> When using the Google provider, set the maximum number of changes that will be applied in each batch.</li>
<li>AWS</li>
<li><code>--aws-batch-change-interval=1s</code> When using the AWS provider, set the interval between batch changes.</li>
<li><code>--aws-batch-change-size=1000</code> When using the AWS provider, set the maximum number of changes that will be applied in each batch.</li>
<li><code>--aws-batch-change-size-bytes=32000</code> When using the AWS provider, set the maximum byte size that will be applied in each batch.</li>
<li><code>--aws-batch-change-size-values=1000</code> When using the AWS provider, set the maximum total record values that will be applied in each batch.</li>
<li><code>--aws-zones-cache-duration=0s</code> When using the AWS provider, set the zones list cache TTL (0s to disable).</li>
<li><code>--[no-]aws-zone-match-parent</code> Expand limit possible target by sub-domains</li>
<li>Cloudflare</li>
<li><code>--cloudflare-dns-records-per-page=100</code> When using the Cloudflare provider, specify how many DNS records listed per page, max possible 5,000 (default: 100)</li>
<li>OVH</li>
<li>
<p><code>--ovh-api-rate-limit=20</code> When using the OVH provider, specify the API request rate limit, X operations by seconds (default: 20)</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Global</p>
</li>
<li><code>--registry=txt</code> The registry implementation to use to keep track of DNS record ownership.<ul>
<li>Other registry options such as dynamodb can help mitigate rate limits by storing the registry outside of the DNS hosted zone (default: txt, options: txt, noop, dynamodb, aws-sd)</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><code>--txt-cache-interval=0s</code> The interval between cache synchronizations in duration format (default: disabled)</li>
<li><code>--interval=1m0s</code> The interval between two consecutive synchronizations in duration format (default: 1m)</li>
<li><code>--min-event-sync-interval=5s</code> The minimum interval between two consecutive synchronizations triggered from kubernetes events in duration format (default: 5s)</li>
<li><code>--[no-]events</code> When enabled, in addition to running every interval, the reconciliation loop will get triggered when supported sources change (default: disabled)</li>
</ul>
<p>A general recommendation is to enable <code>--events</code> and keep <code>--min-event-sync-interval</code> relatively low to have a better responsiveness when records are<br />
created or updated inside the cluster.<br />
This should represent an acceptable propagation time between the creation of your k8s resources and the time they become registered in your DNS server.</p>
<p>On a general manner, the higher the <code>--provider-cache-time</code>, the lower the impact on the rate limits, but also, the slower the recovery in case of a deletion.<br />
The <code>--provider-cache-time</code> value should hence be set to an acceptable time to automatically recover restore deleted records.</p>
<p>✍️ Note that caching is done within the external-dns controller memory. You can invalidate the cache at any point in time by restarting it (for example doing a rolling update).</p>
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