diff --git a/internal/testutils/endpoint_test.go b/internal/testutils/endpoint_test.go
index efa472f89..8ddb1f75d 100644
--- a/internal/testutils/endpoint_test.go
+++ b/internal/testutils/endpoint_test.go
@@ -18,9 +18,12 @@ package testutils
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"net/netip"
+	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"sigs.k8s.io/external-dns/endpoint"
 )
 
@@ -78,3 +81,391 @@ func TestExampleSameEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
 	// example.org 0 IN   load-balancer.org [{foo bar}]
 	// example.org 0 IN TXT  load-balancer.org []
 }
+
+func makeEndpoint(DNSName string) *endpoint.Endpoint {
+	return &endpoint.Endpoint{
+		DNSName:       DNSName,
+		Targets:       endpoint.Targets{"target.com"},
+		RecordType:    "A",
+		SetIdentifier: "set1",
+		RecordTTL:     300,
+		Labels: map[string]string{
+			endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:       "owner",
+			endpoint.ResourceLabelKey:    "resource",
+			endpoint.OwnedRecordLabelKey: "owned",
+		},
+		ProviderSpecific: endpoint.ProviderSpecific{
+			{Name: "key", Value: "val"},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSameEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name           string
+		a              *endpoint.Endpoint
+		b              *endpoint.Endpoint
+		isSameEndpoint bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:           "DNSName is not equal",
+			a:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org"},
+			b:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.com"},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "All fields are equal",
+			a: &endpoint.Endpoint{
+				DNSName:       "example.org",
+				Targets:       endpoint.Targets{"lb.example.com"},
+				RecordType:    "A",
+				SetIdentifier: "set-1",
+				RecordTTL:     300,
+				Labels: map[string]string{
+					endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:       "owner-1",
+					endpoint.ResourceLabelKey:    "resource-1",
+					endpoint.OwnedRecordLabelKey: "owned-true",
+				},
+				ProviderSpecific: endpoint.ProviderSpecific{
+					{Name: "key1", Value: "val1"},
+				},
+			},
+			b: &endpoint.Endpoint{
+				DNSName:       "example.org",
+				Targets:       endpoint.Targets{"lb.example.com"},
+				RecordType:    "A",
+				SetIdentifier: "set-1",
+				RecordTTL:     300,
+				Labels: map[string]string{
+					endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:       "owner-1",
+					endpoint.ResourceLabelKey:    "resource-1",
+					endpoint.OwnedRecordLabelKey: "owned-true",
+				},
+				ProviderSpecific: endpoint.ProviderSpecific{
+					{Name: "key1", Value: "val1"},
+				},
+			},
+			isSameEndpoint: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Different Targets",
+			a:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", Targets: endpoint.Targets{"a.com"}},
+			b:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", Targets: endpoint.Targets{"b.com"}},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Different RecordType",
+			a:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", RecordType: "A"},
+			b:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", RecordType: "CNAME"},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Different SetIdentifier",
+			a:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", SetIdentifier: "id1"},
+			b:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", SetIdentifier: "id2"},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Different OwnerLabelKey",
+			a: &endpoint.Endpoint{
+				DNSName: "example.org",
+				Labels: map[string]string{
+					endpoint.OwnerLabelKey: "owner1",
+				},
+			},
+			b: &endpoint.Endpoint{
+				DNSName: "example.org",
+				Labels: map[string]string{
+					endpoint.OwnerLabelKey: "owner2",
+				},
+			},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:           "Different RecordTTL",
+			a:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", RecordTTL: 300},
+			b:              &endpoint.Endpoint{DNSName: "example.org", RecordTTL: 400},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Different ProviderSpecific",
+			a: &endpoint.Endpoint{
+				DNSName: "example.org",
+				ProviderSpecific: endpoint.ProviderSpecific{
+					{Name: "key1", Value: "val1"},
+				},
+			},
+			b: &endpoint.Endpoint{
+				DNSName: "example.org",
+				ProviderSpecific: endpoint.ProviderSpecific{
+					{Name: "key1", Value: "val2"},
+				},
+			},
+			isSameEndpoint: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			isSameEndpoint := SameEndpoint(tt.a, tt.b)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.isSameEndpoint, isSameEndpoint)
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestSameEndpoints(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a, b []*endpoint.Endpoint
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Both slices nil",
+			a:    nil,
+			b:    nil,
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "One nil, one empty",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{},
+			b:    nil,
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Different lengths",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+			b:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Same endpoints in same order",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com"), makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+			b:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com"), makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Same endpoints in different order",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("b.com"), makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+			b:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com"), makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "One endpoint differs",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com"), makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+			b:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com"), makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			isSameEndpoints := SameEndpoints(tt.a, tt.b)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, isSameEndpoints)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSameEndpointLabel(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a    []*endpoint.Endpoint
+		b    []*endpoint.Endpoint
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "length of a and b are not same",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+			b:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("b.com"), makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "endpoint's labels are same in a and b",
+			a:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("a.com"), makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			b:    []*endpoint.Endpoint{makeEndpoint("b.com"), makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "endpoint's labels are not same in a and b",
+			a: []*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				{
+					DNSName: "a.com",
+					Labels: endpoint.Labels{
+						endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:    "owner1",
+						endpoint.ResourceLabelKey: "resource1",
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					DNSName: "b.com",
+					Labels: endpoint.Labels{
+						endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:    "owner2",
+						endpoint.ResourceLabelKey: "resource2",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			b: []*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				{
+					DNSName: "a.com",
+					Labels: endpoint.Labels{
+						endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:    "owner",
+						endpoint.ResourceLabelKey: "resource",
+					},
+				},
+				{
+					DNSName: "b.com",
+					Labels: endpoint.Labels{
+						endpoint.OwnerLabelKey:    "owner1",
+						endpoint.ResourceLabelKey: "resource1",
+					},
+				},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			isSameEndpointLabels := SameEndpointLabels(tt.a, tt.b)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, isSameEndpointLabels)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSamePlanChanges(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		a    map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint
+		b    map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "endpoints with all operations in a and b are same",
+			a: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			b: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "endpoints for create operations in a and b are not same",
+			a: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			b: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("x.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "endpoints for delete operations in a and b are not same",
+			a: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			b: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("g.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "endpoints for updateOld operations in a and b are not same",
+			a: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			b: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "endpoints for updateNew operations in a and b are same",
+			a: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("d.com")},
+			},
+			b: map[string][]*endpoint.Endpoint{
+				"Create":    {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"Delete":    {makeEndpoint("b.com")},
+				"UpdateOld": {makeEndpoint("a.com")},
+				"UpdateNew": {makeEndpoint("c.com")},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			checkPlanChanges := SamePlanChanges(tt.a, tt.b)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, checkPlanChanges)
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestNewTargetsFromAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    []netip.Addr
+		expected endpoint.Targets
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "empty slice",
+			input:    []netip.Addr{},
+			expected: endpoint.Targets{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single IPv4 address",
+			input: []netip.Addr{
+				netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"),
+			},
+			expected: endpoint.Targets{"192.0.2.1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple IP addresses",
+			input: []netip.Addr{
+				netip.MustParseAddr("192.0.2.1"),
+				netip.MustParseAddr("2001:db8::1"),
+			},
+			expected: endpoint.Targets{"192.0.2.1", "2001:db8::1"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IPv6 address only",
+			input: []netip.Addr{
+				netip.MustParseAddr("::1"),
+			},
+			expected: endpoint.Targets{"::1"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := NewTargetsFromAddr(tt.input)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tt.expected) {
+				t.Errorf("NewTargetsFromAddr() = %v, want %v", got, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}