diff --git a/playwright/e2e/timeline/safety-error.spec.ts b/playwright/e2e/timeline/safety-error.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/playwright/e2e/timeline/safety-error.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2025 New Vector Ltd.
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only OR LicenseRef-Element-Commercial
+Please see LICENSE files in the repository root for full details.
+*/
+
+// import * as fs from "node:fs";
+
+import { test, expect } from "../../element-web-test";
+import { MatrixSafetyErrorCode } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/matrix";
+
+// const MEDIA_FILE = fs.readFileSync("playwright/sample-files/riot.png");
+
+test.describe("Safety error rendering", () => {
+    test.use({
+        displayName: "Alan",
+        room: async ({ app, page, homeserver, user }, use) => {
+            const roomId = await app.client.createRoom({
+                name: "Test room",
+            });
+
+            await use({ roomId });
+        },
+    });
+
+    test("should show a safety rejection of a message with no harms", { tag: ["@screenshot"] }, async ({ page, app, room, user }) => {
+        await page.route("**/_matrix/client/v3/**/send/**", async (route) => {
+            await route.fulfill({ json: {errcode: MatrixSafetyErrorCode.name, error: "Server provided error"}, status: 400 });
+        });
+        await app.viewRoomById(room.roomId);
+        const composer = app.getComposerField();
+        await composer.fill("Hello!");
+        await composer.press("Enter");
+        const statusBar = page.getByRole("alert", { name: new RegExp(/.*Message rejected.*/)});
+        await expect(statusBar).toMatchScreenshot("message-no-harms.png");
+    });
+
+    test("should show a safety rejection of a message with only unknown harms", { tag: ["@screenshot"] }, async ({ page, app, room, user }) => {
+        await page.route("**/_matrix/client/v3/**/send/**", async (route) => {
+            await route.fulfill({ json: {errcode: MatrixSafetyErrorCode.name, error: "Server provided error", harms: ["org.example.unknown-harm"]}, status: 400 });
+        });
+        await app.viewRoomById(room.roomId);
+        const composer = app.getComposerField();
+        await composer.fill("Hello!");
+        await composer.press("Enter");
+        const statusBar = page.getByRole("alert", { name: new RegExp(/.*Message rejected.*/)});
+        await expect(statusBar).toMatchScreenshot("message-no-harms.png");
+    });
+
+    test("should show a simple rejection of a message with spam harm", { tag: ["@screenshot"] }, async ({ page, app, room, user }) => {
+        await page.route("**/_matrix/client/v3/**/send/**", async (route) => {
+            await route.fulfill({ json: {errcode: MatrixSafetyErrorCode.name, error: "Ignored error", harms: ["org.matrix.msc4387.spam"]}, status: 400 });
+        });
+        await app.viewRoomById(room.roomId);
+        const composer = app.getComposerField();
+        await composer.fill("Hello!");
+        await composer.press("Enter");
+        const statusBar = page.getByRole("alert", { name: new RegExp(/.*Message rejected.*/)});
+        await expect(statusBar).toMatchScreenshot("message-spam.png");
+    });
+    test("should show a simple rejection of a message with spam harm with expiry", { tag: ["@screenshot"] }, async ({ page, app, room, user }) => {
+        await page.route("**/_matrix/client/v3/**/send/**", async (route) => {
+            await route.fulfill({ json: {errcode: MatrixSafetyErrorCode.name, error: "Ignored error", harms: ["org.matrix.msc4387.spam"], expiry: Date.now() + 1000}, status: 400 });
+        });
+        await app.viewRoomById(room.roomId);
+        const composer = app.getComposerField();
+        await composer.fill("Hello!");
+        await composer.press("Enter");
+        const statusBar = page.getByRole("alert", { name: new RegExp(/.*Message rejected.*/)});
+        await expect(statusBar).toMatchScreenshot("message-spam-expiry.png");
+        // Permit a retry
+        await page.unroute("**/_matrix/client/v3/**/send/**");
+        await statusBar.getByRole("button", { name: "Retry"}).click({ timeout: 1100 });
+        await expect(statusBar).not.toBeVisible();
+    });
+    test("should show a simple rejection of an upload", {  }, async ({ page, app, room, user }) => {
+        await page.route("**/_matrix/media/v3/upload**", async (route) => {
+            await route.fulfill({ json: {errcode: MatrixSafetyErrorCode.name, error: "Ignored error", harms: ["org.matrix.msc4387.spam"], expiry: Date.now() + 1000}, status: 400 });
+        });
+        await app.viewRoomById(room.roomId);
+        // Start waiting for file chooser before clicking. Note no await.
+        const fileChooserPromise = page.waitForEvent('filechooser');
+        await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Attachment"}).click();
+        const fileChooser = await fileChooserPromise;
+        await fileChooser.setFiles("playwright/sample-files/riot.png");
+        await page.getByRole("button", { name: "Upload"}).click();
+        await expect(page.getByRole("dialog", { name: "Upload Failed" })).toBeVisible();
+    });
+});
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